Editing Seńru

<translate>
'''seńra''' is a [[constructed language]] intended to be expressive, enjoyable to use, and simple to learn. its grammar is somewhat unique and may require some adjustment, but it is designed to be exceptionally consistent and flexible.
</translate>

== <translate>writing and pronunciation</translate> ==
<translate>
seńra is simple to pronounce, and it has a regular writing system. tables follow of each [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/phoneme phoneme] (sound) in the language and the letter used to write it.
</translate>

<div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 1em;">
<table class="wikitable">
 <caption><translate>consonants</translate></caption>
 <tr>
  <th>letter</th>
  <th><translate>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]</translate></th>
  <th><translate>guide</translate></th>
 </tr>
 <tr><td>p  <td>/p/  <td><translate>like ''s'''p'''in'' </translate>
 <tr><td>t  <td>/t/  <td><translate>like ''s'''t'''op'' </translate>
 <tr><td>k  <td>/k/  <td><translate>like ''s'''k'''irt'' </translate>
 <tr><td>b  <td>/b/  <td><translate>like '''''b'''at'' </translate>
 <tr><td>d  <td>/d/  <td><translate>like '''''d'''og'' </translate>
 <tr><td>g  <td>/g/  <td><translate>like '''''g'''o'' </translate>
 <tr><td>s  <td>/s/  <td><translate>like '''''s'''ee'' </translate>
 <tr><td>z  <td>/z/  <td><translate>like '''''z'''oo'' </translate>
 <tr><td>ts <td>/ts/ <td><translate>like ''ca'''ts''''' </translate>
 <tr><td>sh <td>/ʃ/  <td><translate>like '''''sh'''ip'' </translate>
 <tr><td>j  <td>/ʒ/  <td><translate>like ''mea'''s'''ure'' </translate>
 <tr><td>h  <td>/h/  <td><translate>like '''''h'''at'' </translate>
 <tr><td>w  <td>/w/  <td><translate>like '''''w'''e'' </translate>
 <tr><td>r  <td>/ɾ/  <td><translate>like spanish ''pe'''r'''''o </translate>
 <tr><td>y  <td>/j/  <td><translate>like '''''y'''es'' </translate>
 <tr><td>m  <td>/m/  <td><translate>like '''''m'''an'' </translate>
 <tr><td>n  <td>/n/  <td><translate>like '''''n'''et'' </translate>
 <tr><td>ń  <td>/ŋ/  <td><translate>like ''si'''ng''''' </translate>
</table>
</div>

<div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 1em;">
<table class="wikitable">
 <caption><translate>vowels</translate></caption>
 <tr>
  <th><translate>letter</translate></th>
  <th>IPA</th>
  <th><translate>guide</translate></th>
 </tr>
 <tr><td>a <td>/a/ <td><translate>like ''f'''a'''ther'' </translate>
 <tr><td>e <td>/e/ <td><translate>like ''th'''e'''y'' </translate>
 <tr><td>i <td>/i/ <td><translate>like ''s'''ee''''' </translate>
 <tr><td>o <td>/o/ <td><translate>like ''g'''o''''' </translate>
 <tr><td>u <td>/u/ <td><translate>like ''b'''oo'''t'' </translate>
</table>
</div>

<translate>
the pronunciation guides are not to be taken too seriously. there is a lot of variation in how these english words are pronounced, especially with the vowels.

one particular difference between english and seńra (and many other languages in the world) is that the ''plosives'' (like, ''p'', ''t'', or ''k'') in english are often pronounced with what is called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration aspiration]. if you say the word *cat* and hold your hand in front of your face, you may feel a burst of air. the word ''skirt'' has a similar sound, but if you hold your hand to your mouth, it won't feel the same way. this is because in the word ''skirt'', the sound is not aspirated. one should try to pronounce the plosives in seńra like this.

another particularity is that the vowels in seńra are "pure" vowels. the vowels in the words ''go'' and ''they'' are often pronounced as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong diphthongs], meaning that they start out as one vowel and end at another. one should try to pronounce a single, unchanging vowel.

the consonants ''p'', ''t'', ''k'', ''s'', and *sh* may be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination geminated]. this simply means that they pronounced for longer. this is written by repeating the consonant (''p'' -> ''pp''). geminated ''sh'' is written as ''ssh''.
</translate>

== <translate>pronouns and articles</translate> ==
<table class="wikitable">
 <tr>
  <th><translate>pronoun</translate></th>
  <th><translate>kind</translate></th>
  <th><translate>meaning</translate></th>
 </tr>
 <tr><td>ka <td> <translate>first person singular</translate> <td> <translate>''I'', ''me''</translate>
 <tr><td>ki <td> <translate>first person plural</translate> <td> <translate>''we'', ''us''</translate>
 <tr><td>ta <td> <translate>second person singular</translate> <td> <translate>''you</translate>
 <tr><td>ti <td> <translate>second person plural</translate> <td> <translate>''y'all'', ''youse''</translate>
 <tr><td>na <td> <translate>third person singular</translate> <td> <translate>''she'', ''he'', ''they'' (singular), ''her'', ''him'', ''them'',  ''it''</translate>
 <tr><td>ni <td> <translate>third person plural</translate> <td> <translate>''they'', ''them''</translate>
 <tr><td>ro <td> <translate>reflexive</translate> <td> <translate>''myself'', ''yourself'', ''ourselves'', ''yourselves'', ''itself'', ''themselves''</translate>
 <tr><td>ru <td> <translate>demonstrative</translate> <td> <translate>''this'', ''that'', ''these'', ''those''</translate>
 <tr><td>toshu <td> <translate>interrogative</translate> <td> <translate>''who'', ''what''</translate>
</table>

<translate>
pronouns are the simplest kind of word in seńra. they are not inflected, with the exception of ''toshu'' (explained later) and ''ru''. they may act as the subject or object of a verb.

''ru'' is specifically a pronoun. it is not an article, like ''the'', and it is used in the sense of ''this is good'', or ''I like that''. however, it may be inflected into ''ri'' and act similarly to an article by means of being a ''modifier'', to be used in the sense of ''this dog'', or ''that house''.
</translate>

== <translate>grammar</translate> ==
seńra has one main part of speech, ''content word'', which acts as a verb, but it is used anywhere a noun, adjective, or adverb would be. it is ''inflected'' with different suffixes to do different tasks.

<table class="wikitable">
 <caption><translate>suffixes</translate></caption>
 <tr><th> <th> <translate>regular</translate> <th> <translate>infinitive</translate> <th> <translate>imperative</translate> <th> <translate>adverbial</translate>
 <tr><th> <td> <td>-u <td> <td>
 <tr><th> <translate>intransitive</translate> <td>-i <td>-ui <td>-e <td>-iń
 <tr><th> <translate>transitive</translate> <td>-a <td>-ua <td>-ea <td>-ań
</table>

<translate>
the word order of a sentence is ''verb'', then ''object'', then ''subject''. the ''subject'' of a verb is who is doing or being it, and the ''object'' of a verb is what it is being done to.

when a content word is ''intransitive'', it is followed by a subject but no object. when a content word is ''transitive'', it is followed by an object, then a subject.

when a content word is ''infinitive'', it is being used as a subject or object. otherwise, it is being used as a verb.

the ''imperative'' form is used for commands. the intransitive imperative form has no explicit subject because the subject is whoever the command is being directed to. the transitive imperative form has only an explicit object.
</translate>

<blockquote>
''tt'''i''' ka''

<code><translate>eat-INTRANS 1s</translate></code>

<translate>"I'm eating"</translate>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''tt'''a''' kin'''u''' ka''

<translate><code>eat-TRANS plant-INF 1s</code></translate>

<translate>"I'm eating a plant"</translate>
</blockquote>
                             
<blockquote>
''tt'''ea''' kin'''u'''''

<translate><code>eat-IMP.TRANS plant-INF</code></translate>

<translate>"eat a plant"</translate>
</blockquote>
                             
<blockquote>
''kin'''i''' ka''

<translate><code>plant-INTRANS 1s</code></translate>

"I am a plant"
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''rez'''i''' ttu''

<translate><code>good-INTRANS eat-INF</code></translate>

"eating is good"
</blockquote>