Editing User:Raven/ignore me (section)

=== Draft animals ===

{{Further|Ox}}
[[File:Traditional ploughing - Karnataka (cropped).jpg|thumb|Oxen used in traditional ploughing – [[Karnataka]] ]]

[[Oxen]] are cattle trained as [[draft animal]]s. Oxen can pull heavier loads and for a longer period of time than [[horse]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Tess|title=On Small Farms, Hoof Power Return s|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/dining/04oxen.html |access-date=19 June 2011 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 3, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522213735/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/dining/04oxen.html |archive-date=22 May 2013}}</ref> Oxen are used worldwide, especially in [[Developing country|developing countries]]. There are some 11 million draft oxen in sub-Saharan Africa,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Muruvimi |first1=F. |last2=Ellis-Jones |first2=J. |chapter=A farming systems approach to improving draft animal power in Sub-Saharan Africa |editor1=Starkey, P. |editor2=Kaumbutho, P. |year=1999 |title=Meeting the challenges of animal traction |publisher=Intermediate Technology Publications |location=London |pages=10–19}}</ref> while in 1998 India had over 65 million oxen.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phaniraja |first1=K. L. |last2=Panchasara |first2=H. H. |year=2009 |title=Indian draught animals power |journal=Veterinary World |issue=2 |pages=404–407}}</ref> At the start of the 21st century, about half the world's crop production depended on land preparation by draft animals.<ref name="Nicholson Blake Reid Schelhas 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Nicholson |first1=Charles F. |last2=Blake |first2=Robert W. |last3=Reid |first3=Robin S. |last4=Schelhas |first4=John |title=Environmental Impacts of Livestock in the Developing World |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |volume=43 |issue=2 |date=2001 |doi=10.1080/00139150109605120 |pages=7–17 |bibcode=2001ESPSD..43b...7N |hdl=10568/32888 |s2cid=133316829 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>