Editing User:Raven/ignore me (section)

=== Pests and diseases ===

{{See|Veterinary medicine}}

{{Multiple image
|total_width       = 250
|image1            = Shorthorn heifer foot-and-mouth disease1.png
|caption1          = Drooling due to foot-and-mouth disease
|image2            = Shorthorn heifer foot-and-mouth disease2.png
|caption2          = Infected hoof of the same heifer
}}

Cattle are subject to pests including arthropod [[parasite]]s such as [[tick]]s (which can in turn transmit diseases caused by bacteria and protozoa),<ref>{{cite web |title=Ectoparasites of Cattle |url=https://www.nadis.org.uk/disease-a-z/cattle/ectoparasites-of-cattle/ |website=NADIS Animal Health Skills |access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref> and diseases caused by [[pathogen]]s including [[bacteria]] and [[virus]]es. Some viral diseases are [[insect vector|spread by insects]]—i.e. [[bluetongue disease]] is spread by [[midge]]s. [[Psoroptic mange]] is a disabling skin condition caused by [[mite]]s. [[Bovine tuberculosis]] is caused by a bacterium; it causes disease in humans and in wild animals such as deer and badgers.<ref name="DAERA 2024">{{cite web |title=Diseases that affect cattle |date=26 April 2015 |url=https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/topics/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-diseases/diseases-affect-cattle |publisher=Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs |access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref> [[Foot-and-mouth disease]] is caused by a virus, affects a range of hoofed livestock and is highly contagious.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Donaldson |first1=A. I. |last2=Alexandersen |first2=S. |last3=Sorensen |first3=J. H. |last4=Mikkelsen |first4=T. |title=Relative risks of the uncontrollable (airborne) spread of FMD by different species |journal=Veterinary Record |date=May 2001 |volume=148 |issue=19 |pages=602–604 |doi=10.1136/vr.148.19.602 |pmid=11386448 |s2cid=12025498 }}</ref> [[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy]] is a neurodegenerative disease spread by a [[prion]], a misfolded [[PRNP|brain protein]], in contaminated meat.<ref name="TSE">{{cite web |title=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopaphy: An Overview |url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/BSEbrochure12-2006.pdf |access-date=8 April 2008 |date=December 2006 |publisher=[[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]], [[United States Department of Agriculture]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308030306/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/BSEbrochure12-2006.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> Among the [[Intestinal parasite infection|intestinal parasites]] of cattle are ''[[Paramphistomum]]'' flukes, affecting the rumen, and [[hookworm]]s in the small intestine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=VanHoy |first1=Grace |title=Common Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle |url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/digestive-system/gastrointestinal-parasites-of-ruminants/common-gastrointestinal-parasites-of-cattle |newspaper=MSD Veterinary Manual |access-date=14 February 2024 |date=June 2023}}</ref>